Build Up

The build up to the 1921 lockout and 'Black Friday' took place over many years. Changes in the social, economic and political landscape accelerated in the early 20th century with World War One acting as a catalyst. Events leading up to the lockout include:

  • Formation of the ‘Triple Alliance’ in 1914
  • Government control of the mines during World War One
  • Recommendations to nationalise the industry from the Coal Industry Commission Act, 1919, chaired by the Right Honourable Mr Justice Sankey
  • Re-privatisation of the coal industry in March 1921

SWCC/MNA/NUM/3/3/2: South Wales Miners' Federation circular, 5 June 1916.

Portrait of the Right Honourable Mr Justice Sankey. Sankey chaired the 1919 Coal Industry Commission, with which his name became synonymous. 

The Commission advocated that there should be state ownership to improve efficiency and industrial relations. The proposals were not taken forward.

S O Davies Pamphlets, Box 5: Coal Industry Commission Act, 1919; Second Stage Reports.

SWCC/MNA/NUM/3/3/2: Miners' Federation of Great Britain ballot paper, 26 March 1919.

SWCC/MNA/NUM/3/3/2: Miners' Federation of Great Britain circular, 28 October 1920, p.1.

SWCC/MNA/NUM/3/3/2: Miners' Federation of Great Britain circular, 28 October 1920 p.2

SWCC/MNA/NUM/3/3/2: South Wales Miners' Federation circular, 23 March 1921.

SWCC/MNA/NUM/3/3/2: South Wales Miners' Federation circular, 29 March 1921.